2015年2月21日星期六

if, when, whenever

友人問「逃生三寶」的英文是甚麼,栗起初聽得一頭霧水,後來才知道那原來是指逃離火場時應帶備的三件物件,包括門匙、手機和濕毛巾。本來想繼續替友人查「逃生三寶」的英譯,但以下這句話卻吸引了栗的眼球:

If there is a fire, we should bring ...

栗的疑惑是,句首的 If 是否應該改為 When 呢?

先解釋自已為何會有這個疑惑。讀書時學條件句 (conditional sentences),有提及英文以 if 帶出有可能發生的事情,以 when 帶出重複或可預測的狀況(參考劍橋字典的解釋)。因為每次遇上火警時,我們都應該帶著「逃生三寶」逃離火場,所以感覺用 when 會較恰當。

不過這時栗又想,用 whenever 會否更佳呢?本以為 when 與 whenever 互通,但查資料卻發現兩個字的用法略有差異。要帶出日期時間明確的事情就用 when,若可以 every time that 去取代的話就用 whenever。根據第二個規則,文初的句子似應用 Whenever 起首。

可是看 BBC 的網頁,又發現有「高人」指 if 和 when 均帶有 whenever 的含義:

When we are using if or when in the sense of whenever, in other words to talk about repeated predictable actions, it doesn't matter which we use as there is very little difference in meaning.

若是這樣,豈非三個字可以互通?無奈查牛津和朗文高階字典都沒有這條釋義,苦惱中......
:) :( ;) :D :-/ :x :P :-* =(( :-O X( :7 B-) #:-S :(( :)) =)) :-B :-c :)] ~X( :-h I-) =D7 @-) :-w 7:P 2):) :!! \m/ :-q :-bd ^#(^

6 則留言:

  1. IF implies it may or may not happen, neutral on probability. WHEN implies a probable or even a likely event, but neutral on how soon it will happen. WHENEVER means every time, therefore implying that it's likely to happen repeatedly. That's my understanding.

    So I disagree with your last line that the three can be used interchangeably.

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    1. No, I don't think they can be used interchangeably. But the line I quoted from the bbc webpage hinted that they can.

      So Teacher, do you think we should say 'When there is a fire, we should bring ...' instead of 'If there is a fire, we should bring ...'?

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    2. it depends on the speaker's view on the likelihood of a fire

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    3. So nothing to do with the action in the main clause.

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