剛洗完頭,不想用風筒吹,於是打開電腦上網閒逛,等頭髮自然乾。又因為沒有寫作靈感,所以在搜尋器輸入 common English errors,看看有甚麼有趣的文章。隨便打開一篇,見到以下一條:
Since and Because
“Since” refers to time. “Because” refers to causation. e.g., Since I quit drinking I’ve married and had two children. e.g., Because I quit drinking I no longer wake up in my own vomit.
(資料來源)
文章題為「20 Common Grammar Mistakes That (Almost) Everyone Makes」,即是說引文乃常犯英語錯誤之一。雖然作者沒有明言,但猜想他是認為我們不應用 since 來帶出原因。一想到他在 21 世紀還有這樣的堅持 (文章刊於 2012 年),忍不住笑了出來。
記得讀中學時,曾有一位英文老師提到,since 只能解作「自從」,不能帶出原因。可是過了一、兩年,大部分人都已接受了 since 和 because 為近義詞。到了今天,初中文法書更有一個章節專門教授 because、since 和 as,三個字一律解作「因為」。硬要把舊規矩搬出來,徒惹譏笑。
不過,雖然文法書說三個字是近義詞,但用法還是略有分別。根據 Cambridge Dictionaries Online,三個字有以下分別:
1. Because 較強調原因,as 和 since 則較強調結果;
2. As 和 since 比 because 正規些;
3. 問題中一般以 because 帶出原因,不用 as 和 since
留意語用會隨時間變遷,說不定過不久,劍橋字典的網站就要更新內容了。
Since I quit drinking I’ve married and had two children. 是不是在drinking 後應加豆號?
回覆刪除相對地在Because I quit drinking I no longer wake up in my own vomit. drinking 後面加上豆號.
除非將 Since and because 擺在中間作連接詞用. I've married and had two children since I quit drinking, I no longer wake up in my own vomit because I quit drinking.
我以前老師是這樣教的!不知對不對?
我也是這樣學的,不過近年中間那個 comma 似有消失的跡象,例如朗文的初中英文教科書,條件句 (if-clause) 即使以 if 行頭,中間也是沒有用 comma 的,所以不能說是錯。(其實 Cambridge Dictionaries Online 有提到標點的運用,不過我沒有列出來,因為愈來愈多人不用 comma 隔開 clauses)
刪除^^
刪除